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                <h1 class="headers">Sources</h1>

  <a name="AbnormalImportationsAct">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="a.html#AbnormalImportationsAct">
Abnormal Importations Act
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 489)</a> 
</table>

  <a name="ActiveLaborMarketPolicy">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="a.html#ActiveLaborMarketPolicy">
Active labor market policy
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Krueger2020">Krueger (2020 p. 276)</a>
</table>

  <a name="AgriculturalAdjustmentAct">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="a.html#AgriculturalAdjustmentAct">
Agricultural Adjustment Act
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 502)</a>
</table>

  <a name="AmericanCommercialInvasion">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="a.html#AmericanCommercialInvasion">
American Commercial Invasion
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 362)</a>
</table>


  <a name="AmericanSellingPrice">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="a.html#AmericanSellingPrice">
American selling price
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 635)</a>
</table>


  <a name="AmericanSystem">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="a.html#AmericanSystem">
American system
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 178)</a>
</table>


  <a name="AnacondaPlan">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="a.html#AnacondaPlan">
Anaconda Plan
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
"AnacondaPlan," <i>Encyclopedia Virginia</i>.  <a href="https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/anaconda-plan/">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="AngloAmericanMutualAidAgreement">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="a.html#AngloAmericanMutualAidAgreement">
Anglo-American Mutual Aid Agreement
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
B.S.K., 'The Anglo-American Trade Agreement,' Bulletin of International News 15(24), Dec 3, 1938, pp. 3-10.  <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25642379">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="AngloAmericanTradeAgreement">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="a.html#AngloAmericanTradeAgreement">
Anglo-American Trade Agreement
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
B.S.K., 'The Anglo-American Trade Agreement,' Bulletin of International News 15(24), Dec 3, 1938, pp. 3-10.  <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25642379">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="AntidumpingActOf1916">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="a.html#AntidumpingActOf1916">
Antidumping Act of 1916
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 435)</a>
</table>

  <a name="ApostleOfProtection">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="a.html#ApostleOfProtection">
Apostle of protection
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 455)</a>
</table>

  <a name="ArgolAgreements">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="a.html#ArgolAgreements">
Argol agreements
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 372)</a> 
</table>

  <a name="BandungConference">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="b.html#BandungConference">
Bandung Conference
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
"The Bandung Conference concludes," This Day in History, April 24, 1955, history.com <a href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-bandung-conference-concludes">Link</a>; Susan Engel, "South-South Cooperation in Southeast Asia: From Bandung and Solidarity to Norms and Rivalry,"" <i>Journal of Current South-East Asian Affairs</i>,  38(2),  2019.  <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1868103419840456">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="BaseErosionAndAntiAbuseTax">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="b.html#BaseErosionAndAntiAbuseTax">
Base Erosion and Anti-Abuse Tax
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
Davies, Jon, "GILTI, FDII and BEAT: What They Mean for U.S. Multinationals"", <i>armanino</i>, Apr 29, 2019.   <a href="https://www.armaninollp.com/articles/gilti-fdii-beat-what-they-mean-us-multinationals/">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="BlackDeath">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="b.html#BlackDeath">
Black Death
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
"Black Death," <i>History.com</i>.  <a href="https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/black-death">Link</a>
"</table>

  <a name="BorderAdjustmentTax">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="b.html#BorderAdjustmentTax">
Border adjustment tax
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
Gale, William G., "A quick guide to the 'border adjustments' tax," <i>Real Clear Markets</i>, February 7, 2017.  <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/a-quick-guide-to-the-border-adjustments-tax/">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="BuenosAiresConsensus">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="b.html#BuenosAiresConsensus">
Buenos Aires Consensus
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
Geier, Kathleen, "How Economic Populism Is Transforming the Most Unequal Region of the Globe." <i>The Nation</i>, March 13, 2014.  <a href="https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/how-economic-populism-transforming-most-unequal-region-globe/">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="BurkeHartkeBill">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="b.html#BurkeHartkeBill">
Burke-Hartke Bill
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 647)</a>
</table>

  <a name="ButterMountain">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="b.html#ButterMountain">
Butter mountain
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
Reinhorn, Leslie J., "Butter mountains and wine lakes," <i>Economics Letters</i> 94(2), February 2007, pp. 187-20  <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165176506002266">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="chaperoning">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="c.html#chaperoning">
Chaperoning
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
"Neil Robson Discusses 'Chaperoning' as a Brexit Workaround." Firm News, Katten, November 1, 2021.  <a href="https://katten.com/neil-robson-discusses-chaperoning-as-a-brexit-workaround">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="CodeOfTradeLiberalization">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="c.html#CodeOfTradeLiberalization">
Code of Trade Liberalization
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 622)</a>
</table>

  <a name="CommissionOnForeignEconomicPolicy">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="c.html#CommissionOnForeignEconomicPolicy">
Commission on Foreign Economic Policy
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 615	)</a>
</table>

  <a name="CommissionOnInternationalTradeAndInvestmentPolicy">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="c.html#CommissionOnInternationalTradeAndInvestmentPolicy">
Commission on International Trade and Investment Policy
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 645	)</a>
</table>

  <a name="CompetitiveLiberalization">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="c.html#CompetitiveLiberalization">
Competitive liberalization
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 926)</a>
</table>

  <a name="ConditionalMFN">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="c.html#ConditionalMFN">
Conditional MFN
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 437)</a>
</table>

  <a name="contagion">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="c.html#contagion">
Contagion
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Krueger2020">Krueger (2020 p. 63	)</a>
</table>

  <a name="container">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="c.html#container">
Container
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
Levine, Judah, "The History of the Shipping Container," <i>Freightos</i>, April 24, 2016.  <a href="https://www.freightos.com/the-history-of-the-shipping-container/">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="CrossCurrencyBasis">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="c.html#CrossCurrencyBasis">
Cross currency basis
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
 James, Jessica, Michael Leister, and Christoph Rieger, <i>Random Walks in Fixed Income and Foreign Exchange</i>, Chapter 1, "What Really is the Cross-Currency Basis?" 2021. <a href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110688733-001/pdf">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="DeMinimisRule">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="d.html#DeMinimisRule">
De minimis rule
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
"America's tariff wall on Chinese imports looks increasingly like Swiss cheese," <i>Economist</i>, February 26, 2022.  <a href="https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/americas-tariff-wall-on-chinese-imports-looks-increasingly-like-swiss-cheese/21807816">Link</a>; "De Minimis Value -- Express Shipment Exemptions," International Trade Administration <a href="https://www.trade.gov/de-minimis-value#:~:text=You%20may%20avoid%20paying%20duties,value%20is%20over%20USD%20800.">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="DefenseProductionAct">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="d.html#DefenseProductionAct">
Defense Production Act
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
Siripurapu, Anshu, "What Is the Defense Production Act?"" Council on Foreign Relations, January 26, 2021.  <a href="https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/what-defense-production-act">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="deglobalization">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="d.html#deglobalization">
Deglobalization
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
Kornprobst, Markus and Jon Wallace, "What Is Deglobalization?" Chatham House, October 18, 2021.  <a href="https://www.chathamhouse.org/2021/10/what-deglobalization">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="DirtyCompromise">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="d.html#DirtyCompromise">
Dirty compromise
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 85)</a>
</table>

  <a name="DollarGap">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="d.html#DollarGap">
Dollar gap
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 595)</a>
</table>

  <a name="DollarIndex">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="d.html#DollarIndex">
Dollar Index
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
"Dollar Index (DXY) the barometer for global currencies," Motilal Oswal Investment Servicves  <a href="https://www.motilaloswal.com/blog-details/Dollar-Index-(DXY)-the-barometer-for-global-currencies/1320">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="DoubleIrish">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="d.html#DoubleIrish">
Double Irish
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
Investopedia  <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/double-irish-with-a-dutch-sandwich.asp">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="establishment">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="e.html#establishment">
Establishment
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
"Establishment, firm, or enterprise: does the unit of analysis matter?"  <i>Monthly Labor Review</i>, Bureau of Labor Statistics, November 2016.
<a href="https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/establishment-firm-or-enterprise.htm">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="EuropeALaCarte">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="e.html#EuropeALaCarte">
Europe &#224; la carte
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
EUABC.com.
<a href="http://en.euabc.com/word/381">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="FirstSaleCustomsValuation">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="f.html#FirstSaleCustomsValuation">
First sale customs valuation
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
"Use of the 'First Sale Rule' for Customs Valuation of U.S. Imports,"" USITC #4121   <a href="https://www.usitc.gov/publications/industry_econ_analysis_332/2009/use_%E2%80%9Cfirst_sale_rule%E2%80%9D_customs_valuation_us_imports.htm">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="FlexibleTariff">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="f.html#FlexibleTariff">
Flexible tariff
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 429)</a>
</table>

  <a name="ForceBill">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="f.html#ForceBill">
Force Bill
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 219)</a>
</table>

  <a name="FrankincenseTrail">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="f.html#FrankincenseTrail">
Frankincense Trail
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
Roberts, David, "On the Frankincense Trail," <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i>, October 1998  <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/on-the-frankincense-trail-61925746/">Link</a>; "What Was Traded In The Incense Trade Route?" <i>WorldAtlas</i> <a href="https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-was-traded-in-the-incense-trade-route.html">Link</a>. 
</table>

  <a name="FreeTradeConvention">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="f.html#FreeTradeConvention">
Free Trade Convention
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 210)</a>
</table>

  <a name="GephardtAmendment">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="g.html#GephardtAmendment">
Gephardt Amendment
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 719)</a>
</table>

  <a name="GrayAreas">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="g.html#GrayAreas">
Gray areas
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Krueger2020">Krueger (2020 p. 173)</a>
</table>

  <a name="GreaterEastAsiaCoProsperitySphere">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="g.html#GreaterEastAsiaCoProsperitySphere">
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 490)</a>
</table>

  <a name="HoldingForeignCompaniesAccountableAct">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="h.html#HoldingForeignCompaniesAccountableAct">
Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
"S.945 - Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, 116th Congress (2019-2020)," Congress.gov.  <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/945">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="hdi2">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="h.html#hdi2">
Human Development Index
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
Source  <a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/data">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="ImmigrationActOf1924">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="i.html#ImmigrationActOf1924">
Immigration Act of 1924
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
"Historical Highlights:  The Immigration Act of 1924," History, Art, & Archives, United States House of Representatives.  <a href="https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1901-1950/The-Immigration-Act-of-1924/">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="ImportDutiesActOf1932">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="i.html#ImportDutiesActOf1932">
Import Duties Act of 1932
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 489)</a>
</table>

  <a name="IowaIdea">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="i.html#IowaIdea">
Iowa Idea
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 388)</a>
</table>

  <a name="JayTreaty">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="j.html#JayTreaty">
Jay Treaty
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 125)</a>
</table>

  <a name="JobPolarization">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="j.html#JobPolarization">
Job polarization
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
Keller, Wolfgang and H&#226;le Utar, 2016.  "International Trade and Job Polarization: Evidence at the Worker-Level," NBER Working Paper #22315 (June).
<a href="https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w22315/w22315.pdf">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="jokers">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="j.html#jokers">
Jokers
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 399)</a>
</table>

  <a name="lta2">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="l.html#lta2">
Long-Term Arrangment
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
"The History and Current Status of the Multifiber Arrangement," USITC #850, January 1978.  <a href="https://www.usitc.gov/publications/other/pub850.pdf">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="ManagedTrade">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="m.html#ManagedTrade">
Managed trade
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 730)</a>
</table>

  <a name="moip2">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="m.html#moip2">
Mandatory Oil Import Quota Program 
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
Cicchetti, Charles C. and Willian J. Gillen, "The Mandatory Oil Import Quota Program: A Consideration of Economic Efficiency and Equity,"" <i>Natural Resources Journal</i> 13(3), Summer 1973, pp. 399-430.  <a href="https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nrj/vol13/iss3/2/">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="MarketDisruption">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="m.html#MarketDisruption">
Market disruption
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
"The History and Current Status of the Multifiber Arrangement," USITC #850, January 1978.  <a href="https://www.usitc.gov/publications/other/pub850.pdf">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="moss2">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="m.html#moss2">
Market Oriented Sector Selective talks
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
"U.S.-JAPAN TRADE:  Evaluation of the Market-Oriented Sector-Selective Talks," GAO, July 1988.  <a href="https://www.gao.gov/assets/nsiad-88-205.pdf">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="MaximumMinimumTariffSchedule">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="m.html#MaximumMinimumTariffSchedule">
Maximum-minimum tariff schedule
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 436)</a>
</table>

  <a name="MelineTariff">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="m.html#MelineTariff">
M&#233;line tariff
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 370)</a>
</table>

  <a name="metageography">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="m.html#metageography">
Metageography
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
"Martin Lewis: Metageographies, postmodernism and fallacy of unit comparability," <i>Exploring Geopolitics</i>.  <a href="https://exploringgeopolitics.org/interview_lewis_martin_metageographies_postmodernism_fallacy_of_unit_comparability_historical_spatial_ideological_development_constructs_taxonomy_ideas_systems/">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="MiddleIncomeTrap">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="m.html#MiddleIncomeTrap">
Middle income trap
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
Gill, Indermit S. and Homi Kharas, "The Middle-Income Trap Turns Ten," Policy Research Working Paper 7403, World Bank, August 2015.  <a href="https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/22660/The0middle0income0trap0turns0ten.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">Link</a>.
</table>

  <a name="MillsBill">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="m.html#MillsBill">
Mills Bill
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<b>1. </b><a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 317)</a>
<br>
<b>2. </b><a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 639)</a>
</table>

  <a name="MongrelTariff">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="m.html#MongrelTariff">
Mongrel Tariff
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 287)</a>
</table>

  <a name="MultilateralBilateral">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="m.html#MultilateralBilateral">
Multilateral-bilateral
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 565)</a>
</table>

  <a name="NonintercourseAct">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="n.html#NonintercourseAct">
Non-intercourse Act
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 132)</a>
</table>

  <a name="NonimportationAgreements">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="n.html#NonimportationAgreements">
Nonimportation Agreements
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 58)</a>
</table>

  <a name="NullificationCrisis">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="n.html#NullificationCrisis">
Nullification crisis
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 206)</a>
</table>

  <a name="OpenDoorNotes">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="o.html#OpenDoorNotes">
Open Door Notes
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 371)</a>
</table>

  <a name="otc2">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="o.html#otc2">
Organization for Trade Cooperation
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 618)</a>
</table>

  <a name="partnership">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="p.html#partnership">
Partnership
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 820)</a>
</table>

  <a name="PaxMongolica">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="p.html#PaxMongolica">
Pax Mongolica
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
"Pax Mongolica," <i>Silk Road:  History of the Silk Road</i>.  <a href="http://www.silk-road.com/artl/paxmongolica.shtml">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="ProhibitoryAct">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="p.html#ProhibitoryAct">
Prohibitory Act
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 65)</a>
</table>

  <a name="pdo2">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="p.html#pdo2">
Protected designation of origin
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
"Quality Schemes Explained," European Commission.  <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/food-farming-fisheries/food-safety-and-quality/certification/quality-labels/quality-schemes-explained_en">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="recession">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="r.html#recession">
Recession
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
"Business Cycle Dating Procedure: Frequently Asked Questions," NBER.  <a href="https://www.nber.org/research/business-cycle-dating/business-cycle-dating-procedure-frequently-asked-questions">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="Section80630">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="s.html#Section80630">
Section 806.30
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
"Imports Under Items 805.30 and 807.00 of the Tariff Schedule-S of the United States, 1984-87," Report on Investigation No. 332-237, Under Section 332(b) of the
Tariff Act of 1930, USITC Publication 2144, December 1988.  <a href="https://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/pub2144.pdf">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="Section80700">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="s.html#Section80700">
Section 807.00
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
"Imports Under Items 805.30 and 807.00 of the Tariff Schedule-S of the United States, 1984-87," Report on Investigation No. 332-237, Under Section 332(b) of the
Tariff Act of 1930, USITC Publication 2144, December 1988.  <a href="https://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/pub2144.pdf">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="sta2">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="s.html#sta2">
Short-Term Arrangement
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
"The History and Current Status of the Multifiber Arrangement," USITC #850, January 1978.  <a href="https://www.usitc.gov/publications/other/pub850.pdf">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="SneakyProtectionism">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="s.html#SneakyProtectionism">
Sneaky protectionism
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
J&#252;rgen Wandel, "Do free trade agreements promote sneaky protectionism? A classical liberal perspective," <i>International Journal of Management and Economics</i> 55(3), 2019, pp. 185-200.  <a href="https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/ijme-2019-0017">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="SouthSouthCooperation">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="s.html#SouthSouthCooperation">
South-South Cooperation
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
Susan Engel, "South-South Cooperation in Southeast Asia: From Bandung and Solidarity to Norms and Rivalry," <i>Journal of Current South-East Asian Affairs</i>,  38(2),  2019.  <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1868103419840456">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="SpecialTradeRepresentative">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="s.html#SpecialTradeRepresentative">
Special Trade Representative
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 663)</a>
</table>

  <a name="StopGoCycle">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="s.html#StopGoCycle">
Stop-go cycle
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Krueger2020">Krueger (2020 p. 234)</a>
</table>

  <a name="SugarActOf1764">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="s.html#SugarActOf1764">
Sugar Act of 1764
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 57)</a>
</table>

  <a name="TariffBoard">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="t.html#TariffBoard">
Tariff Board
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 395)</a>
</table>

  <a name="TariffEquality">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="t.html#TariffEquality">
Tariff equality
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 443)</a>
</table>

  <a name="TariffExclusion">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="t.html#TariffExclusion">
Tariff exclusion
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
Schwartzenberg, Andres B., "Section 301 Tariff Exclusions on U.S. Imports from China," Congressional Research Service, <i>In Focus</i>, updated February 17, 2022.  <a href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11582#:~:text=The%20tariff%20exclusion%20process%20enabled,United%20States%20(HTSUS)%20subheading">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="TariffReform">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="t.html#TariffReform">
Tariff reform
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
Zebel, Sydney H. "Joseph Chamberlain and the Genesis of Tariff Reform," <i>Journal of British Studies</i>, January, 2014.  <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/175383">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="tcja2">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="t.html#tcja2">
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
Davies, Jon, "GILTI, FDII and BEAT: What They Mean for U.S. Multinationals", <i>armanino</i>, Apr 29, 2019.  <a href="https://www.armaninollp.com/articles/gilti-fdii-beat-what-they-mean-us-multinationals/">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="TextileAndApparelTradeEnforcementAct">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="t.html#TextileAndApparelTradeEnforcementAct">
Textile and Apparel Trade Enforcement Act
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
H.R.1562 - "Textile and Apparel Trade Enforcement Act of 1985."  <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/99th-congress/house-bill/1562">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="TownshendRevenueAct">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="t.html#TownshendRevenueAct">
Townshend Revenue Act
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 59)</a>
</table>

  <a name="TradeAndTariffActOf1984">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="t.html#TradeAndTariffActOf1984">
Trade and Tariff Act of 1984
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
Price, Joseph H., "The Trade and Tariff Act of 1984: An Analytical Overview," <i>International Lawyer</i> 19(1), 2018 <a href="https://scholar.smu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3769&context=til">Link</a>; <a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 717)</a>
</table>

  <a name="TradeOrFade">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="t.html#TradeOrFade">
Trade or fade
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<b>1. </b>"Trade-or-fade Rule," <i></i>  <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tradeorfade.asp#:~:text=The%20trade%2Dor%2Dfade%20rule%20says%20that%20a%20market%20maker,against%20the%20original%20bid%2Dask.">Link</a>
<br>
<b>2. </b><a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 627)</a>
</table>

  <a name="TradingWithTheEnemyAct">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="t.html#TradingWithTheEnemyAct">
Trading with the Enemy Act
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
Coates, Benjamin A., "The Secret Life of Statutes: A Century of the Trading with the Enemy Act," <i>Modern American History</i>, 1(2), 151-172.  <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-american-history/article/secret-life-of-statutes-a-century-of-the-trading-with-the-enemy-act/77DD7CF528D3190CFC8CF8FF6DDAACB0">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="TreatyOfAmityAndCommerce">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="t.html#TreatyOfAmityAndCommerce">
Treaty of Amity and Commerce
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 66)</a>
</table>

  <a name="TripleTransformationRule">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="t.html#TripleTransformationRule">
Triple transformation rule
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
Jones, Vivian C. and Liana Wong, "International Trade Rules of Origin," Congressional Research Service RL34524, Updated March 3, 2020.  <a href="https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/RL34524.pdf">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="UnconditionalMFN">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="u.html#UnconditionalMFN">
Unconditional MFN
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
<a href="bib.html#Irwin2017">Irwin (2017 p. 437)</a>
</table>

  <a name="WalkerPrinciples">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="w.html#WalkerPrinciples">
Walker principles
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
"WTO Appellate Body Reform Proposals Urged," <i>RStreet</i>, December 9, 2019.  <a href="https://www.rstreet.org/2019/12/09/wto-appellate-body-reform-proposals-urged/#:~:text=The%20Walker%20Principles%20address%20six,subject%20to%20appeal%3B%20the%20Appellate">Link</a>
</table>

  <a name="WineLake">
  <table width=100%><tr><td width=20% valign=top><b>
  <a href="w.html#WineLake">
Wine lake
</b><td width=80% valign=top>
Reinhorn, Leslie J., "Butter mountains and wine lakes," <i>Economics Letters</i> 94(2), February 2007, pp. 187-201.  <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165176506002266">Link</a>
</table>



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